岩溶洞穴滴水CO2季节变化特征及来源分析——以大风洞为例
Seasonal variations and sources of dripping CO2 in karst caves: A case study of the Dafeng cave, Guizhou Province
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摘要: 为探究白云岩洞穴滴水中CO2来源及变化特征,以贵州省绥阳双河洞洞穴系统中的大风洞为研究对象,对洞穴空气CO2浓度(pCO2(c))、洞穴上覆土壤CO2浓度(pCO2(soil))、洞穴滴水CO2分压(pCO2(w))、以及洞穴滴水水化学环境进行了为期15个月(2016年1月-2017年3月)的监测、采样和室内实验分析,运用统计分析方法对各监测指标进行主成分分析。结果表明:(1)pCO2(w)、pCO2(c)具有明显的季节性变化特征,表现为雨季>旱季。pCO2(soil)受降雨、洞穴通风效应的影响,季节性波动较大,是洞穴pCO2(w)的重要来源;(2)深层岩溶作用中渗透水在流经洞穴上覆表层岩溶带发生的水-岩相互作用及其产生的水化学环境,特别是变化,是影响pCO2(w)的主要因素之一,对pCO2(w)具有重要贡献;(3)运用主成分分析法(PCA)得出各因素对洞穴滴水的相对方差贡献率依次为:HCO3- >pCO2(s)>Soil 1#>pCO2(w)>Soil 2#。各因子对pCO2(w)的贡献率依次为:地表深层岩溶作用>洞穴上覆土壤空气环境>洞穴空气环境;(4)pCO2(w)来源概念模型表明,雨季时,降雨量大,土壤水下渗快,地下水得到充分补充,但停滞时间较短,在渗流带中与围岩反应不充分,PCP过程较弱,对pCO2(w)影响较大;旱季则相反。研究结果对洞穴石笋、石钟乳沉积物的保护具有一定意义,对洞穴旅游开发、管理及岩溶碳循环研究具有重要意义。
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关键词:
- 洞穴滴水pCO2(w) /
- 主成分分析法(PCA) /
- 季节变化 /
- 来源 /
- 大风洞
Abstract: The purpose of this work was to clarify the characteristics of CO2 changes and its sources in the dripping water of the Dolomite caves. Taking the Dafeng cave,part of the Shuanghe cave system,as the research object, monitoring, sampling and laboratory analysis were conducted to cave air CO2 concentration (pCO2(c)),soil CO2 concentration (pCO2(soil)),cave drip CO2 partial pressure(pCO2(w)),and cave dripping hydrochemical environment for 15 months(January 2016 to March 2017). Then principal component analysis was performed on each monitoring index using the statistical analysis method. Results show that,(1)pCO2(w) and pCO2(c)have obvious seasonal variations,which are characterized by summer-autumn> winter-spring. pCO2(soil)is affected by rainfall and cave ventilation,which is the main source of pCO2(w) in caves.(2)Water-rock interactions of osmotic water flowing through caves over the karst zone,especially the hydrochemical environment and its HCO3- change are one of the main factors affecting pCO2(w), an important contribution to the pCO2(w).(3)Using principal component analysis(PCA),the contribution of each factor to cave drip is as follows,HCO3->pCO2(s)>Soil 1#>pCO2(w)>Soil 2#. The contribution comparison of each factor to pCO2(w) is as follows:deep karst on the surface > soil air environment on the cave > cave air environment.(4)The conceptual model on the source of pCO2(w)suggests that during the rainy season,the rainfall is large,the soil is infiltrated quickly,the groundwater is fully replenished,but the stagnation time is short,the reaction with the surrounding rock is insufficient in the seepage zone,and the PCP process is weak, posing a big influence on pCO2(w),while the dry season is the opposite. These research results have certain theoretical and practical significance for the protection of cave stalagmites and stalactite sediments. It is of great significance to the development and utilization of cave tourism and the study of karst carbon cycle. -
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