桂林凉风洞洞穴空气及滴水水化学对区域环境的响应

吴夏; 潘谋成; 殷建军; 汪智军; 朱晓燕; 杨会; 张美良; 曹建华

桂林凉风洞洞穴空气及滴水水化学对区域环境的响应

中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41701235，41530316，41501222）；广西自然科学基金项目（2018GXNSFAA281320；2018GXNSFBA138042；2018GXNSFBA050004）；广西重大科技创新基地建设项目（2018-242-Z01）；中国地质科学院基本科研业务费（2020006）

计量
- 文章访问数: 1405
- HTML浏览量: 582
- PDF下载量: 152
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 发布日期: 2021-06-25
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-15

Response of cave air and hydrogeochemistry of drip water to local climate in the Liangfeng cave，Guilin City

Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR&GZAR/Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS

摘要

摘要: 针对广西桂林凉风洞洞穴空气（CO2、δ13CCO2）和滴水的物理、化学指标（水温、电导率、pH、Ca2+、HCO3-）开展一年监测。结果表明：受到洞穴上覆土壤层CO2的影响，洞穴空气CO2和δ13CCO2分别呈现出明显夏季高、偏轻，冬季低、偏重的季节性变化规律；各个监测点CO2和δ13CCO2存在差异的主要因为是受到洞穴内部结构的阻隔作用，以及土壤层CO2在岩溶表层带不同滞留时间的影响，但是δ13CCO2变化相对于CO2对于外界环境的响应更加灵敏，且不同季节洞穴的通风模式差异使得洞穴空气CO2影响因素存在差异，夏季土壤CO2为主要影响因素、冬季大气CO2为主要影响因素。与此同时，洞穴滴水水化学指标也均表现出明显季节性变化特征。虽然雨季携带进入管道或裂隙的CO2增加，但是与表层岩溶带“老水”混合使其整体上呈现为缓慢上升。桂林地区季节性干旱使得洞穴顶部入渗水补给量减少，导致对围岩的溶解量相对降低，使其成为水化学指标快速下降的主要影响因素。此外，每个滴水点的水化学指标变幅因其径流路径的不同存在差异。
- 凉风洞 /
- 洞穴CO2 /
- δ13CCO2 /
- 水化学特征
Abstract: he hydrogeochemistry of cave drip water is an important environmental index in cave systems, to which the monitoring may be an essential solution for paleoclimate reconstruction. In this study, we collected samples from three drip points in the Liangfeng cave of Guilin City, southwest China, from January to December 2017. During the monitoring period, we measured the hydrogeochemical properties of the drip water (electrical conductivity, pH, Ca2+, HCO3-), and CO2 concentration was simultaneously collected at the same monitoring points. Then these monitoring proxies were compared with regional atmospheric temperatures and precipitation amounts. Results show that the hydrogeochemical index exhibits seasonal variations as water transforms from precipitation to cave drip water. Under the influence of the CO2 in the overlying soil layer on the top of the cave, the cave CO2 and δ13CCO2 present obvious seasonal variation patterns of high and light in summer, and low and heavy in winter, respectively. Differences in monitoring site CO2 and δ13CCO2 values are caused by the barrier of inner structure of the cave and retention time difference in epikarst. However, δ13CCO2 amplitude relative to the CO2 response is more sensitive to outside atmosphere environment, and cave CO2 the major influence factors are obviously different in different seasons. The major influence factor is soil CO2 in summer, while atmospheric CO2 is the major influence factor in winter. The hydrochemical index of drip water shows obvious seasonal variation. Although the precipitation amount increases in summer which bring more soil CO2 into the pipes or fissures of the cave, the mixing of precipitation with "old water" in the surface karst zone makes it rise slowly as a whole. The decrease of seepage water supply caused by seasonal drought in the Guilin area leads to the relative decrease of the dissolution of surrounding rock, which makes it become a hydrochemical index. In addition, the variation of the hydrochemical index of each drip point is mainly due to its different runoff paths.
- Liangfeng cave /
- cave CO2 /
- δ13CCO2 /
- hydrogeochemistry characteristic

HTML

参考文献(50)

[1]	Wong C I， Breecker D O. Advancements in the use of speleothems as climate archives［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews， 2015， 127：1-18.
[2]	Liu Y H， Henderson G M， Hu C Y， et al. Links between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate during the 8，200 year event［J］. Nature Geoscience， 2013， 6（2）：117-120.
[3]	Duan W， Cheng H， Tan M，et al. Onset and duration of transitions into Greenland Interstadials 15.2 and 14 in Northern China constrained by an annually laminated stalagmite［J］. Scientific Reports， 2016， 6（1）：20844.
[4]	Wang Y J， Cheng H， Edwards R L， et al. A high-resolution absolute-dated late pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave， China［J］. Science， 2001， 294（5550）：2345-2348.
[5]	Cheng H， Edwards R L， Broecker W S， et al. Ice age terminations［J］. Science， 2009， 326（5950）：248-252.
[6]	Li T Y， Shen C C， Huang L J， et al. Stalagmite-inferred variability of the Asian summer monsoon during the penultimate glacial-interglacial period［J］. Climate of the past， 2014， 10（3）：1211-1219.
[7]	McDermott F. Palaeo-climate Reconstruction from stable isotope variations in speleothems： a review ［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews， 2004， 23（7-8）：901-918.
[8]	Ridley H E， Asmerom Y， Baldini J U L， et al. Aerosol forcing of the position of the intertropical convergence zone since ad 1550［J］. Nature Geoscience， 2015， 8（3）： 195-200.
[9]	Genty D， Blamart D， Ouahdi R， et al. Precise dating of Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations in Western Europe from stalagmite data［J］. Nature， 2003， 421（6925）：833-837.
[10]	Holmgren K， Lee-Thorp J A， Cooper G R J， et al. Persistent millennial-scale climatic variability over the past 25，000 years in Southern Africa［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews， 2003， 22（21-22）： 2311-2326.
[11]	Feng W M， Richard C C， Banner J L， et al. Oxygen isotope variations in rainfall， drip-water and speleothem calcite from a Well-Ventilated Cave in Texas， USA： assessing a new speleothem temperature proxy ［J］. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta， 2014， 127：233-250.
[12]	Bradley C， Baker A， Catherine N J， et al. Hydrological uncertainties in the modelling of cave drip-water δ18o and the implications for stalagmite palaeoclimate reconstructions［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews， 2010， 29（17）：2201-2214.
[13]	Yina L， Luo W J， Wang Y W， et al. Impacts of cave ventilation on drip water δ13cdic and its paleoclimate implication［J］. Quaternary International， 2020， 547：7-21.
[14]	Baldini J U L， McDermott F， Fairchild I J. Spatial variability in cave drip water hydrochemistry： implications for stalagmite paleoclimate records［J］. Chemical Geology， 2006， 235（3）： 390-404.
[15]	Lambert W， Aharon P. Controls on dissolved inorganic carbon and δ13C in cave waters from DeSoto Caverns： Implications for Speleothem δ13C Assessments［J］. Geochimicaet et Cosmochimica Acta， 2011， 75（3）：753-768.
[16]	Qiu H， Li T Y， Chen C J， et al. Significance of active speleothem δ18O at annual-decadal timescale—A case study from monitoring in Furong Cave［J］. Applied Geochemistry， 2021， 126：104873.
[17]	Wu X， Zhu X Y， Pan M C， et al. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Isotope Compositions of Drip Water In Panlong Cave， southwest China［J］. Environmental Earth Sciences， 2014， 74（2）：1029-1037.
[18]	Li J Y， Li T Y. Seasonal and annual changes in soil/cave air pCO2 and the δ13CDIC of cave drip water in response to changes in temperature and rainfall［J］. Applied Geochemistry， 2018， 93： 94-101.
[19]	Kyle W M， Feng W M， Daniel O. Interpretation of speleothem calcite δ13C variations： evidence from monitoring soil CO2， drip water， and modern speleothem calcite in Central Texas［J］. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta， 2014， 142：281-298.
[20]	Baker A， Genty D， Fairchild I J， et al. Hydrological characterisation of stalagmite dripwaters at Grotte de Villars， Dordogne， by the analysis of inorganic species and luminescent organic matter［J］. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences， 2000， 4（3）： 439-449.
[21]	Tooth A F， Fairchild I J. Soil and karst aquifer hydrological controls on the geochemical evolution of speleothem-forming drip waters， Crag Cave， Southwest Ireland［J］. Journal of Hydrology， 2003， 273（1-4）：51-68．
[22]	Faimon J， Bodláková R， Pracny P， et al. Transfer of climatic variables by dripwater： a case study from Kate?inská Cave （Moravian Karst）［J］. Environmental Earth Sciences， 2016， 75（16）：1-16.
[23]	张美良，朱晓燕，林玉石，等. 桂林盘龙洞滴水的物理化学指标变化研究及其意义［J］. 地球与环境， 2009， 37（1）：1-10.
[24]	Deininger M，Fohlmeister J，Scholz D，et al. Isotope disequilibrium effects： The influence of evaporation and ventilation effects on the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of speleothems-a model approach［J］. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta，2012，96（11）： 57-79．
[25]	Kowalczk A J， Froelich P N. Cave Air Ventilation and CO2 outgassing by Radon-222 modeling： how fast do caves breathe［J］. Earth and Planetary Science Letters， 2010， 289（1-2）：210-219.
[26]	Whitaker T， Jones D， Baldini J U L， et al. A high-resolution spatial survey of cave air carbon dioxide concentrations in Scoska Cave （North Yorkshire， UK）： implications for calcite deposition and re-dissolution［J］. Cave Karst Science， 2009， 36（3）： 85-92.
[27]	Banner J L， Guilfoyle A， James E W， et al. Seasonal variations in modern speleothem calcite growth in Central Texas， U.S.A［J］. Journal of Sedimentary Research， 2007， 77（7-8）：615-622.
[28]	Cuezva S， Fernandez-Cortes A， Benavente D， et al. Short-term CO2（g） exchange between a shallow karstic cavity and the external atmosphere during summer： role of the surface soil layer［J］. Atmospheric Environment， 2011， 45（7）： 1418-1427.
[29]	Shindoh T， Mishima T， Watanabe Y， et al. Seasonal cave air ventilation controlling variation in cave air pCO2 and drip water geochemistry at Inazumi Cave， Oita， Northeastern Kyushu， Japan［J］. Cave Karst Study， 2017， 79（2）： 100-112.
[30]	Hu C， Henderson G M， Huang J， et al. Quantification of Holocene Asian monsoon rainfall from spatially separated cave records［J］. Earth and Planetary Science Letters， 2008， 266（3）： 221-232.
[31]	Treble P C， Fairchild I J， Griffiths A， et al. Impacts of cave air ventilation and in-cave prior calcite precipitation on Golgotha Cave dripwater chemistry， Southwest Australia［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews， 2015， 127（1）： 61-72.
[32]	Treble P C， Bradley C， Wood A， et al. An Isotopic and modeling study of flow paths and storage in quaternary calcarenite， SW Australia： implications for speleothem paleoclimate records［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews，2013， 64（15）： 90-103.
[33]	Chen C J， Li T Y. Geochemical characteristics of cave drip water respond to enso based on a 6-year monitoring work in Yangkou Cave， Southwest China［J］. Journal of Hydrology， 2018， 561：896-907.
[34]	Li T Y， H C X， Tian L J， et al. Variation of δ13C in plant-soil-cave systems in karst regions with different degrees of rocky desertification in Southwest China and implications for paleoenvironment reconstruction［J］. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies， 2018， 80 （4）： 212-228.
[35]	吴夏，潘谋成，曹建华，等. 开放洞穴环境变化特征及其影响因素：以桂林凉风洞为例［J］. 中国岩溶， 2019， 38（3）：361-369.
[36]	王翱宇，蒲俊兵，沈立成，等. 重庆雪玉洞CO2浓度变化的自然与人为因素探讨［J］. 热带地理， 2010， 30（3）：272-277.
[37]	贺海波，汤静，刘淑华，等. 川东北楼房洞洞穴环境时空变化与影响因素［J］. 热带地理， 2014， 34（5）：696-703.
[38]	张萍，杨琰，孙喆，等. 河南鸡冠洞CO2季节和昼夜变化特征及影响因子比较［J］.环境科学， 2017，38（1）：60-69.
[39]	曹建华，周莉，杨慧，等. 桂林毛村岩溶区与碎屑岩区林下土壤碳迁移对比及岩溶碳汇效应研究［J］. 第四纪研究， 2017， 31（3）：431-437.
[40]	Atkin O K， Edwards E J， Loveys B R， et al. Response of root respiration to changes in temperature and its relevance to global warming［J］. New Phycologist， 2010， 147（1）：141-154.
[41]	Guo X， Gong X， Yuan D， et al. Response of drip water temperature to climate variability： a case study in Xiaoyan Cave， southwest China［J］. Hydrological Sciences Journal-journal Des Sciences Hydrologiques， 2019， 64（7）： 873-884.
[42]	Breitenbach S， Lechleitner F A， Meyer H， et al. Cave ventilation and rainfall signals in dripwater in a monsoonal setting-a monitoring study from NE India［J］. Chemical Geology， 2015， 402：111-124.
[43]	Wu X， Pan M C， Zhu X Y， et al. Effect of Extreme precipitation events on the hydrochemistry index and stable isotope compositions of drip water in a subtropical Cave， Guangxi， SW China［J］. Carbonates and Evaporites， 2018， 33（1）：123-131.
[44]	Sp?tl C，Fairchild I J， Tooth A F． Cave air control on dripwater geochemistry， Obir Caves （Austria）： Implications for speleothem deposition in dynamically ventilated caves［J］. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta， 2004， 69（10）： 2451-2468．
[45]	丁梦凯.桂林凉风洞洞穴系统环境变化特征及垂向碳迁移机制研究［D］. 北京：中国地质大学（北京），2019.
[46]	Faimon J， Troppová D， Baldík V， et al. Air circulation and its impact on microclimatic variables in the Císaská Cave （Moravian Karst， Czech Republic）［J］. International Journal of Climatology， 2012， 32（4）：599-623.
[47]	Fairchild I J， Borsato A， Tooth A F， et al. Controls on Trace Element （Sr-Mg） Compositions of carbonate cave waters： implications for speleothem climatic records［J］. Chemical Geology， 2000， 166（3）：255-269.
[48]	Breecker D O， Payne A E， Quade J， et al. The Sources and sinks of CO2 in caves under mixed woodland and grassland vegetation［J］. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta， 2012， 96（11）：230-246.
[49]	Fernando G， Luis Q P， Carlos S F， et al. Spatiotemporal distribution of δ13CCO2 in a shallow cave and its potential use as indicator of anthropic pressure［J］. Journal of Environmental Management， 2016， 180：421-432.
[50]	Ban F M， Pan G X， Zhu J， et al. Temporal and spatial variations in the discharge and dissolved organic carbon of drip waters in Beijing Shihua Cave， China［J］. Hydrological processes， 2008， 22（18）：3749-3758.