趵突泉泉域岩溶水典型污染组分变化特征及污染途径
Variation of typical pollution components and pollution way of karst water in Baotu Spring region
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摘要: 济南趵突泉水闻名天下，自20世纪50年代以来岩溶地下水水质发生较大变化。利用收集与实测的近60年的水化学数据，选取矿化度、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-典型水化学指标，结合水文地质条件及人类活动影响，对山前三个典型富水地段岩溶地下水化学变化特征进行研究，并揭示泉域西部、中部、东部三个富水地段岩溶水水质污染途径。结果表明，1986年以前，三富水地段水质变化特征相似，均呈小幅增长趋势，而1986年以后差异显著。其中，西部富水地段除90年代以外，岩溶水中典型污染组分含量总体涨幅较小，地下水主要污染途径为点源—表流阶段入渗型；中部富水地段岩溶水中典型污染组分呈稳步增长趋势，地下水主要污染途径为面源—降雨间歇入渗型；东部富水地段岩溶水中常规离子组分涨幅最大，地下水主要污染途径为点源—开采越流入渗型。研究结果对泉域三个富水地段岩溶地下水保护具有重要指导意义。Abstract: Jinan City is famous the Baotu Spring which enjoys a reputation as The Finest Spring Under Heaven. The quality of karst groundwater has changed greatly since the end of 1950s, which imposes effects on the spring. Using hydrochemical data collected and measured in recent 60 years, this study attempts to address this issue. Selecting several chemical indexes of water quality, including salinity, NO3-、SO42-and Cl-, and the analysis of hydrogeological conditions and human activities, the hydrochemical variations of karst water are studied for three typical water-rich areas in the piedmont of the spring region. Meanwhile，the pollution ways of water quality are revealed for the three areas of the western, central and eastern parts of the Baotu Spring region. The results show that the variation characteristics of karst water quality are similar in these three areas before 1986, with small-amplitude growth of typical pollution components. While they had significant differences after 1986. Among them, the amount of increase of the typical pollution components is the least in the western spring region, where the pollution of karst water quality is mainly affected by point pollutant sources and surface sewage infiltration. The variation of typical pollution components exhibits a steady growth trend in the central area, where the water quality is mainly affected by the rainfall and the non-point source pollution in the southern area of Baotu Spring region. The amount of increase of typical pollution components of karst water is the largest in eastern Baotu Spring region, where the pollution is from point pollutant sources and the recharge of pore water due to artificial exploitation of karst water. These results would be an important guidance for the protection of karst water in the three water-rich areas of the spring region.
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Key words:
- water-rich area /
- karst water /
- typical pollution components /
- pollution way /
- Baotu Spring region
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