基于RS和GIS的乌江流域生态安全度变化评价
Evaluation of ecological security in the Wujiang river basin using remote sensing and GIS technologies
-
摘要: 乌江流岩溶地貌发育,水土流失、石漠化问题均较突出,生态环境极其脆弱,为了了解乌江流域生态安全状况及存在问题,文章基于RS和GIS技术,在分析流域土地利用/覆盖变化和景观格局时空变化特征基础上,从自然环境、社会经济、景观生态3方面构建生态安全度评价指标体系,将熵权法与属性识别模型相耦合,对流域41个地区进行生态安全度评价。结果显示:2000年贵州省乌江流域生态安全度属于差、较差、中等、较好的面积分别为745.8 km2、15 212.2km2、40 670.7km2、9 361.4km2,所占比重分别为1.13%、23.05%、61.63%、14.19%;2010年属于差、较差、中等、较好所占面积分别为4 330.5km2、12 254.1km2、42 804.0km2、6 591.4km2,所占比重分别为6.58%、18.57%、64.86%、9.99%;2000年和2010年乌江流域均缺少生态安全等级为好的地区,而2010年较2000年生态安全等级较差的地区面积增加,较好的面积却减少,表明流域生态环境整体呈恶化趋势;流域上游、中游地区较下游地区的生态安全状况偏差,生态本底脆弱、人地矛盾突出、水土流失、石漠化等是影响上游地区生态安全度的主要原因,中游地区受矿产资源开采及大城市人口聚集的影响,下游地区受水电资源过度开发影响。Abstract: To understand the situation and existing environmental protection problems, and to promote coordinated development of the Wujiang river basin economy and ecological construction, the environmental ecological safety of the Wujiang river basin is evaluated in this paper. Applying the RS and GIS techniques, on basis of analyzing the changes of watershed land use and the space-time changes of landscape pattern,an assessment system for ecological security is builded by natural environment,economy and landscape ecology.And with this assessment system,integrating entropy method with attribute identification model,the ecological security of 41 regions of the watershed are assessed. The evaluation results are divided into five categories: good, moderately-good, medium, moderately-bad and bad. The results indicate that: in 2000 the Wujiang river basin had 745.8 km2 (1.13%) of bad, 15,212.2 km2 (23.05%) of moderately-bad, 40,670.7 km2 (61.63%) of medium, and 9,361.4 km2(14.19%) of moderately-good conditions. It is noted that there are some differences between the results for 2000 and those for 2010. In 2010, the Wujiang river basin had 4,330.5 km2(6.58%) of bad, 12,254.1 km2(18.57%) of moderately-bad, 42,804.0 km2(64.86%) of medium and 6,591.4 km2(9.99%) of moderately-good conditions. No good conditions occurred in the Wujiang river basin in 2000 and 2010. However, compared with 2000, the moderately-bad area increased in 2010, and the moderately-good area decreased, indicating that ecological environment is facing a negative trend. The ecological security situation in the upper and the middle catchment is poorer than that in the lower catchment of the Wujiang river basin. In the lower catchment, the problem of hydropower resources over-exploitation is very serious, while in the middle catchment, mining of mineral resources and high population density in big cities play significant roles in ecological security. In the upper catchment, the main problems which affect ecological security include the fragility of the ecological environment, the serious contradiction between people and land, and the problems of soil and water loss and rocky desertification. In summary, the ecological security in the karst area is very fragile, and unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources and the environment leads to deterioration of the ecological environment. In order to ensure sustainable development of the natural and social economy in the Wujiang river basin, it is suggested that the protection of ecosystem, ecological reconstruction, and the systematic research on ecological restoration be strengthened.
-
Key words:
- ecological security level /
- attribute recognition model /
- Wujiang river basin /
- GIS /
- evaluation index
-
[1] 钟祥浩,刘淑珍,王小丹,等. 西藏高原生态安全研究[J] 山地学报,2010 (1):1-10. [2] 龚建周,夏北成,陈健飞,等. 基于 3S 技术的广州市生态安全景观格局分析[J] 生态学报,2008,28(9):4323-4333. [3] 胡艳霞,周连第,李红,等. 北京密云水源地村级尺度生态安全承载力分析[J] 中国农学通报,2011,27(23):221-226. [4] 吴冠岑,牛星. 土地生态安全预警的惩罚型变权评价模型及应用:以淮安市为例[J] 资源科学,2010,32(5):992-999. [5] 张强,薛惠锋,张明军,等. 基于可拓分析的区域生态安全预警模型及应用:以陕西省为例[J] 生态学报,2010,30(16):4277-4286. [6] 孟兆鑫,李春艳,邓玉林. 沱江流域生态安全预警及其生态调控对策[J] 生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(2):1-8. [7] 喻锋,李晓兵,王宏,等. 皇甫川流域土地利用变化与生态安全评价[J] 地理学报,2006,61(6):645-653. [8] 王耕,吴伟. 基于 GIS 的西辽河流域生态安全空间分异特征[J] 环境科学,2006,26(5):28-33. [9] 李群,宁利. 属性区间识别理论模型研究及其应用[J]数学的实践与认识,2002,32(1):50-54. [10] 刘丽丽,刘金萍,陈建国,等. 基于属性层次-识别模型的重庆市南岸区生态系统健康评价[J]长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(2):214-219. [11] 颜文涛,袁兴中,邢忠.基于属性理论的城市生态系统健康评价:以重庆市北部新区为例[J]生态学杂志,2007,26(10):1679-1684. [12] 胡安焱,郭生练,郭靖,等. 基于属性识别理论的塔里木河水质评价与分析[J]河北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(3):353-356. [13] 门宝辉,梁川,刘庆华.基于属性识别方法的区域水资源开发利用程度综合评价[J]西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(6):207-209. [14] 吴亚开,张礼兵,金菊良,等. 基于属性识别模型的巢湖流域生态安全评价[J]生态学杂志,2007,25(5):759-764. [15] 吴荣,张霞,黄海龙. 属性识别模型在艾比湖水质评价中的应用[J]干旱区地理,2009,32(4):571-577. [16] 陈守煜,熊德琪.城市大气环境质量评价模糊识别理论模型[J]环境科学研究,1992,5(5):10-14. [17] 孔晶晶,金晓英,张江山,等. 属性识别理论模型在福州市大气环境质量评价中的应用[J]环境科学与管理,2008,33(6):173-175. [18] 曹新向.旅游地生态安全预警评价指标体系与方法研究:以开封市为例[J]环境科学与管理,2006,31(3):39-43. [19] 赵永峰.内蒙古旅游环境预警评价指标体系构建研究[J]云南地理环境研究,2011,23(3):80-84. [20] 陈军飞,王慧敏. 城市生态系统诊断预警体系研究[J]城市问题,2005,128(6):5-10. [21] 符娟林,乔标.基于模糊物元的城市化生态预警模型及应用[J]地球科学进展,2008,23(9):990-995. [22] 魏兴萍.重庆市生态安全评价[J]中国岩溶,2010,29(2):145-151.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1452
- HTML浏览量: 294
- PDF下载量: 913
- 被引次数: 0