数值模拟方法在隐伏岩溶水源地保护区划分及污染治理中的应用
Application of the numerical simulation method in concealed karst wellhead for protection area delimitation and contamination prevention
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摘要: 文章以北京市东南郊大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水子系统内的两个水源地（大兴念坛水源地与通州龙旺庄水源地）为例，研究数值模拟方法在隐伏岩溶地下水水源地保护区划分中的应用。研究基础为基于GMS建立的包括第四系与岩溶含水层在内的三维非稳定流地下水数值模拟模型，采用的主要技术手段为质点追踪技术，结合溶质质点迁移100 d与1 000 d的距离划分水源地的一级与二级保护区，并提出相应的污染防控措施。研究得出，对于隐伏岩溶水大部分来自上覆第四系松散孔隙水越流补给的情况，岩溶水源地保护区即是上覆松散含水层的保护区范围，应加强第四系孔隙含水层地下水污染的防治，以保护岩溶水不受污染。Abstract: A wellhead protection area (WHPA) is an effective technical method and basic standard for safeguardking groundwater resources. Frequently-used methods for WHPA delimitation include the empirical approach, analytical methods, tracing tests and numerical simulation. Of these, numerical simulation is preferred for complicated hydrogeological conditions. It is quite difficult to use numerical simulation methods in WHPA delimitation for a concealed karst aquifer, as a result of its heterogeneity, anisotropy, parameter uncertainty and development under Quaternary or other bedrock. This study takes two groundwater sources, Daxing Niantan wellhead and Tongzhou Longwangzhuang wellhead, which are located in the concealed karst system southeast of Beijing, as examples to study the numerical simulation method of WHPA delimitation. The numerical simulation model, which takes the three-dimensional transient flow of Quaternary and karst aquifer into consideration, is established by the GMS. Then particle tracing technology is used to confirm the WHPA, taking a tracing time of 100 days as the primary protection zone and 1,000, days as the secondary protection zone. Related pollution-control measures are proposed according to the WHPA results. Additionally, given that leakage from the overlying Quaternary loose-porosity aquifer is the primary recharge source for the concealed karst aquifer, the boundary of the Quaternary WHPA is as the same as the boundary of the karst WHPA. Control of the Quaternary water contamination needs to be enhanced to prevent pollution of the karst water.
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