典型岩溶石山包气带洞穴水流的水文过程浅析

郭小娇; 姜光辉; 汤庆佳; 黄思宇; 刘绍华

典型岩溶石山包气带洞穴水流的水文过程浅析

中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/国土资源部、广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“气候变化对岩溶地区蒸散作用及水文过程的影响(41172231/D0213)”

计量
- 文章访问数: 1812
- HTML浏览量: 275
- PDF下载量: 1398
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-01-14
- 发布日期: 2014-06-25

Analysis of hydrological process of drip water in the aeration zone of a typical karst stone hill

Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR＆GZAR

摘要

摘要: 为了研究岩溶包气带洞穴水流的水文过程，在2013年7月1日至2013年11月21日期间，选取桂林丫吉试验场硝盐洞XY5滴水点为研究对象，利用GreenSpan CTDP300多参数仪对其进行了每半小时一次的高频率水文指标监测，分析了包气带洞穴滴水对降雨响应过程及水化学指标的动态变化特征。研究表明：洞穴滴水量、电导率和水温有很好的对应关系；滴水量变化主要受到降雨量、降雨强度和硝盐洞单元体前期含水量的影响，监测期间滴水量变化范围为23.15～589.47 mL/s；水温对降雨响应速度最快且主要受当地气温的影响，流量和电导率基本上表现出同时上升态势，电导率具有季节变化规律，即雨季电导率值较大，波动小，旱季值较小，波动较大；从旱季和雨季的水文过程，并结合旱季滴水主要化学组分的动态变化来看，电导率和水温有3个峰值，不同的峰对应不同产流顺序的水，即裸岩面产生的坡面径流、土壤-基岩界面径流和裂隙水。因此，通过洞穴滴水的水文过程及水化学指标的动态变化特征，可以定性的反映出滴水水源、滴水点运移路径、时间和环境条件的变化。
- 洞穴滴水 /
- 流量 /
- 电导率 /
- 水温 /
- 桂林硝盐洞
Abstract: Xiaoyan cave is located in Yaji village approximately 8 km southeast of Guilin City in Guangxi (N25°14′53, E110°22′33). Geomorphologically, the cave is on the boundary between adjacent peak cluster and peak forest karst systems. Xiaoyan cave is developed in massive pure Upper Devonian limestone with a bioclastic sparite to micrite texture. The limestones dip gently toward the south-west. The altitude of the cave is 197.5 m. The total length of cave measures 100 m, the width of cave is about 25 m and the thickness of the cave roof is approximately 20-150 m. XY5 is a perennial drip point, which is the largest drip water point in the cave. The overburden above the cave is about 0.3-1 m thick. The area has a subtropical monsoon climate with mean temperature of 18.9℃， and long-term mean annual rainfall of 1 886 mm.In order to study the hydrological processes of cave drip water flow, cave drip water was sampled, and water level, conductivity, and temperature were automatically monitored in Xiaoyan cave’s karst aeration zone. The response of the drip water, water chemistry and dynamic characteristics to the rain was analyzed. The results indicate that the drip water flow rate, conductivity and water temperature have a good corresponding relationship. Rainfall, rainfall intensity and the pre-rainfall water content of the rock and soil mass overlying Xiaoyan cave are the main factors affecting water flux; the flow rate ranges from 23.15 to 589.47 mL/s. Temperature has the fastest response to rainfall, while water flux and conductivity basically increase at the same time. Water temperature is mainly affected by the local temperature. Conductivity exhibits obvious seasonal changes,with higher values and lower amplitude in the rainy season, lower values and and a large amplitude in the dry season. Due to the hydrological processes of the wet and dry conditions, combined with dynamic changes in the main hydrochemical components in the dry season, conductivity and temperature exhibit three peaks. The different peaks correspond to different runoff water: preferential flow, soil-rock interface runoff and fracture water. Therefore, through the hydrological processes and the dynamic change characteristics of hydrochemical indicators, we can qualitatively reflect the drip water source, flow paths, time and the changes in environment conditions.
- cave drip water /
- water flux /
- conductivity /
- temperature /
- Xiaoyan cave

HTML

参考文献(21)

[1]	袁道先，朱德浩，翁金桃，等.中国岩溶学［M］.北京:地质出版社,1994:1-13.
[2]	袁道先，蔡桂鸿.岩溶环境学［M］.重庆:重庆出版社,1988:3-15.
[3]	姜光辉，陈坤琨，于奭，等.峰丛洼地的坡地径流成分划分［J］.水文,2009,29(6):14-19.
[4]	周运超，王世杰.贵州七星洞滴水的水文水化学特征及其意义［J］.水文地质工程地质,2006,33(1):52-58.
[5]	向晓晶，李廷勇，王建立，等.重庆芙蓉洞土壤渗透水-滴水的元素变化特征及其意义［J］.水土保持学报,2011,25(3):121-125.
[6]	周文亮，姜光辉，陈国富，等.桂林硝盐洞滴水水文和水化学动态变化特征［J］.中国岩溶,2013,32(1):51-57.
[7]	杨平恒，袁道先，叶许春，等.降雨期间岩溶地下水化学组分的来源及运移路径［J］.科学通报,2013,58(18):1755-1763.
[8]	Pauline C Treble, Chris Bradley, Anne Wood, et al. An isotopic and modelling study of flow paths and storage in Quaternary calcarenite, SW Australia: implications for speleothem paleoclimate records［J］. Quaternary Science Reviews,2013,64:90-103.
[9]	Célestine Delbart, Danièle Valdes, Florent Barbecot, et al. Temporal variability of karst aquifer response time established by the sliding-windows cross-correlation method［J］. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,511:580-588.
[10]	向晓晶，王建力，李俊云.重庆芙蓉洞岩溶系统中钡元素地球化学特征［J］.湖北农业科学,2011,50(17):3510-3513.
[11]	班凤梅，蔡炳贵.北京石花洞空气环境主要因子季节性变化特征研究［J］.中国岩溶,2011,30(2):132-137.
[12]	常勇，姜光辉,康彩霞，等.峰丛洼地坡面流径流过程——以丫吉试验场为例［J］.水文，2010,30（6）:19-23.
[13]	周运超，王世杰.洞穴滴水的水文地球化学过程：贵州犀牛洞的研究［J］.地球与环境,2005,33(2):23-33.
[14]	张美良，朱晓燕，林玉石，等.桂林盘龙洞滴水的物理化学指标变化研究及其意义［J］.地球与环境,2009,37(1):1-10.
[15]	周福莉，李廷勇，陈虹利，等.重庆芙蓉洞洞穴水水文地球化学指标的时空变化［J］,水土保持学报,2012,26(3):253-259.
[16]	刘再华.桂林岩溶水文地质试验场岩溶水文地球化学的研究［J］.中国岩溶，1992,11（3）:209-217.
[17]	刘再华，袁道先，何师意.岩溶动力系统水化学动态变化规律分析［J］.中国岩溶，1999,18（2):103-108.
[18]	刘再华，李强，汪进良，等.桂林岩溶试验场钻孔水化学暴雨动态和垂向变化解译［J］.中国岩溶,2004,23（3):169-176.
[19]	王新中，班凤梅，潘根兴.洞穴滴水地球化学的空间和时间变化及其控制因素［J］.第四纪研究,2005,25(2):258-264.
[20]	姜光辉，于奭，常勇.利用水化学方法识别岩溶水文系统中的径流［J］.吉林大学学报（地球科学版），2011,41（5):1535-1541.
[21]	常勇，吴吉春，姜光辉，等.峰丛洼地岩溶泉流量和水化学变化过程中地面径流的作用［J］.水利学报，2012,43（9):1050-1057.